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Eadulf Rus (fl. 1080) was an 11th-century Northumbrian noble. He was the first to take the name Swinton, having been granted the barony by his cousin, Malcolm III of Scotland, in return for military support - thus making this one of the oldest extant surnames in the British Isles. He was either the son or grandson of Gospatric (son of Uhtred the Bold), possibly the man who soon after Christmas 1064 was allegedly killed on behalf of Tostig, Earl of Northumbria.〔Fletcher, ''Bloodfeud'', p. 157.〕 This murder by Tostig led to a great northern revolt against Edward the Confessor, a revolt that turned both King Edward and Harold Godwinson against Tostig and led to the appointment of the Mercian, Morcar, as Earl of northern England.〔Fletcher, ''Bloodfeud'', pp. 157—62; Kapelle, ''Norman Conquest of the North'', p. 95.〕 Eadulf is primarily remembered for his involvement in the death of Walcher, Earl of Northumbria and Bishop of Durham. The sources says that the attack occurred as revenge for the murder of Walcher's English right-hand man, Ligulf.〔See Kapelle, ''Norman Conquest of the North'', pp. 139, 270—1, n. 73.〕 Ligulf had been connected into the Bamburgh kindred marrying, according to the ''Historia Regum'', Ealdgyth daughter of Ealdred, Earl of Bamburgh.〔Stevenson, ''Symeon of Durham's History'', p. 150.〕 The ''Worcester Chronicle'' and the ''Historia Regum'' allege that the murder of Ligulf was planned by Walcher's chaplain Leobwin after Ligulf had argued with him during one of the earl's councils.〔Kapelle, ''Norman Conquest of the North'', pp. 270—1, n. 73; see also Stevenson, ''Symeon of Durham's History'', p. 150.〕 It was Walcher's kinsman Gilbert, however, who is alleged to have entered Ligulf's hall, and attacked and killed him.〔Kapelle, ''Norman Conquest of the North'', p. 139; Stevenson, ''Symeon of Durham's History'', p. 150.〕 Kapelle thought that, perhaps due to his failure to protect Northumberland against the Scots in 1079, Walcher's relations with Ligulf broke down, leading to the loss of Ligulf's support and then to hostility.〔Kapelle, ''Norman Conquest of the North'', p. 139.〕 On 14 May 1080 a party of Northumbrian natives attacked that bishop-earl and his household at Gateshead, across the river from the future site of Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, having arrived to hold discussions.〔Kapelle, ''Norman Conquest of the North'', p. 140.〕 The discussions were fruitless and Walcher, who was protected with 100 knights, retired to the church there.〔 The Northumbrians set the church on fire, after Leobwin refused to surrender himself.〔Stevenson, ''Symeon of Durham's History'', p. 152.〕 Walcher was forced out and stabbed with swords.〔Kapelle, ''Norman Conquest of the North'', p. 140; Stevenson, ''Symeon of Durham's History'', p. 152.〕 Leobwin was burned to death.〔 ''De primo Saxonum adventu'' says that the leader was Eadulf, son of Gospatric; the ''Historia Regum'' also names, Eadulf ''cognomento Rus'' as the killer, but claims he was a grandson of Gospatric through another Uhtred.〔Stevenson, ''Symeon of Durham's History'', p. 143.〕 The ''Libellus de exordio'' says that killer was a man named Waltheof, though this Waltheof may have been Eadulf's brother.〔Rollason (ed.), ''Libellus de Exordio'', pp. 214-—5, n. 99.〕 According to the ''Historia Regum'' Eadulf was killed soon after the death of Walcher, slain by a woman.〔 His body was buried in the church at Jedburgh (now Scottish Borders), until Priot Turgot of Durham Cathedral had it removed a few years later.〔 Eadulf had a brother named Dolfin〔Sharpe, ''Norman Rule'', n. 80, p. 35.〕 of Raby, in addition to a brother named Waltheof.〔According to ''De Primo Saxonum Adventu'' Waltheof was the name of a brother of his; see Rollason (ed.), ''Libellus de Exordio'', p. 214, n. 99.〕 ==Notes== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Eadulf Rus」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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